Group+2+-+Chapter+8

 4. I think that because surveillance cameras for traffic monitoring are meant to protect us from people speeding, that they are ethical. There is big controversy with these cameras, because people believe that they should have the right to privacy and the right to not be entrapped. However, because speeding has a negative affect on society, and puts many people in danger, traffic monitoring is a good suggestion. If people were aware that there are surveillance cameras in various areas they are driving, they are going to slow down and that benefits society.
 * Group 2 - ****Amanda Corey ****, ****Rebecca Zister ****, ****Vanessa Clemmer ****, ****Swen Van Den Heuvel **** & ****Danielle St. Aubin ****. **
 * Chapter 8 - Obersvation! Page 161-174 **

Surveillance cameras used to monitor driving behaviour are going to pick up on things such as; speed, whether or not people stop fully at red lights or stop signs, if people are talking on their phones while driving, the percentage of people who use their signals to change lanes or turn. Automobile designers may be able to use behaviours such as amount of people that talk on the phone, so that they are able to produce cars that are Bluetooth ready. The cameras would occasionally record car accidents, and therefore automobile designers would be able to see the cause and effect of car accidents. They would be able to change things in the production of the car that keeps the driver safer. 8. a) A direct hidden observation method would be the best method to obtain the right research findings. Using this method the bank will be able to measure response latency of which service customers use. Direct observations will also record the physical actions of customers in the bank and the temporal patterns that customers experience while in the bank. b) A direct hidden observation method would be the best method to observe the amount of people driving without seat belts. It will record the physical actions of drivers without their knowledge so no bias can ruin the research findings. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">c) Technically now observational research is needed to answer this problem, a less expensive way to answer this problem is to use secondary research and Google how many women were on the cover on Time magazine.

d) The research design involving observation that would be established to determine how long customers waiting at a fast food restaurant have to wait for their order would involve observing customers temporal patterns. Hidden observation will be used so that the customers or the employees of the fast food restaurant will not be aware that the observation is taking place. Direct observation will also be used because it is the most appropriate method to determine the length of time that customers have to wait. Mechanical observation through video cameras will also be appropriate because it can show how long customers are waiting for their order from the time that they enter and their behaviour while waiting. By using these methods of observation, the researcher can answer the question of ‘how long does customers have to wait for their order?” and “what are their behaviour patterns while waiting for their order?”. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">e) Observation methods that can be incorporated in to determining what people look at and what they pass over while reading a magazine are focus groups where the researcher is using direct observation but hidden observation as well. The researcher will be able to determine what parts of the magazine that consumers read and do not read and be able to find results. The researcher will be able to look at the individual or group of individuals through one- way glass and be able to answer his pending research question. Another observation method that can be used is mechanical observation and the researcher will be able to watch what parts of the magazine that are read if the magazine is put in an appropriate location. Observation of physical objects can also be an option because the researcher can tell what pages have been read more than others by the ware in the pages. Lastly, content analysis can also be an appropriate method used for this situation because the magazine publisher can gain feedback on the content of why people read or passed over the parts that they did. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">f) The observation methods that can be used to help a food manufacturer determine how many people use snack foods in their homes could be the observation of physical objects. The food manufacturer can use people’s garbage to determine what snack foods that the household has consumed. Observation using scanner- based research can also be used to keep track of what snack foods have been purchased from the store when the households how the clerk at the register their code that has been assigned to them. This method of observation substitutes for humans record-keeping and the data can be measured with regards to the households purchase behaviour. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">g) The observation method that would be most appropriate to observe a delivery worker from the moment when they stop the truck and continued through the delivery of the package and ended when they return to the truck would be combining direct observation with interviewing. By using both of these techniques, the delivery service will be able to see how the worker acts when delivering the package and then the interview will demonstrate how the customer felt about the service. By using both methods, the delivery company will be able to analyze the behaviour of the delivery worker and the reaction from the customer from the situation and the interview as well.

11. a) This is unethical. Recording someone without them knowing and using it for analysis is essentially violating someone’s rights. The fact that they are answering sensitive questions without knowing they are being recorded is also a breach of privacy. This can all be resolved by letting the investors know, and asking their permission, to record and analyze their voices. They would also need a disclaimer or contract stating that they will not be using the information given by the investors for anything other than what is clearly stated. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">b) This is ethical. The test subjects know that they are being evaluated and are participating in a simulation. The two way mirror is ethical because a test subject would expect to be monitored. The test subjects should be informed that they are being recorded and that the recording may be used for analysis at a later date. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">c) This is unethical. If the researcher cannot get the information he/she is seeking by some other means other than sifting through garbage then the information is obviously not meant to be seen by the public and/or that individual. Although this is legal, it is unethical from a business standpoint. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">14. Pertaining to the webcams that are available on the Pebble Beach website, a researcher can gain a lot of data based on behaviour. There are seven main things that one can observe through behaviour and they are: <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">· <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">Physical Actions <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">· <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">Verbal Behaviour <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">· <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">Expressive Behaviour <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">· <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">Spatial Relations and Locations <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">· <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">Temporal Patterns <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">· <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">Physical Objects <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">· <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">Verbal and Pictorial Records <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">Through the utilization of webcams, physical, expressive, spatial and temporal behaviours are clearly visible. The observer is utilizing the term known as direct observation, where the investigator does not create an artificial situation. This is beneficial because it is a real-life example as part of researching a specific topic. __<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">Physical Actions __ <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">The observer can view how a person reacts to a certain situation. Researchers can also view from this how people react when under-going change or are placed in an unfamiliar environment. An example of this, in regards to the golf course, is how people act and react on the green. If someone yells ‘fore’ what do they do? What do they do once they hit the ball? __<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">Expressive __ <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">This is when the researcher can physically see how the person being observed is reacting emotionally, by the expressions on their face. This type of behaviour is based on facial expressions, voice tone and body language. Although the voice tones are not noticed on webcams, body language definitely is. For example, what is the expression on a person’s face when they hit a hole in one? How about when they hit the ball in the dirty golf course water? __<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">Spatial Relations and Locations __ <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">When a researcher is watching people on webcams, they tend to focus on how and where the people move. People normally move in reaction to something. For example, when your friend is swinging, where are you? Your clumsy friend chucks her club backwards and totally missed the ball, where are you and how do you react? __<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">Temporal Patterns __ <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">This section deals with the temper of the people in observation. Do they have patience? How long are they willing to wait to get what they want? How long does it take for the people to get a little rattled with the situation? On the golf course, what happens when the people with a tee-off time are a couple minutes late? What happens when there is a really old couple in front of you and your friends? If you and your friends are playing a round, how do the people behind you feel? __<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">Physical Objects __<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">This is an interesting section where the researcher can understand the people. They observe their equipment, their clothing, their accessories and their consumptions. What brand are the clubs? The bag? What do they drink on break? What kind of car are they driving? <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">Researchers can also track response latency, which is the amount of time it takes for someone to make a choice between two alternatives. This helps in the study of preference regarding any topic. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">In conclusion, the use of webcams is a great way to observe the natural environment. Researchers have access to data based on how people adapt in an environment and to the changes within it through different means of behaviour. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">Thanks! <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">